Minimalism movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Minimalism movement - Essay Example Christian Zeal and Activity is another musical piece composed by the American composer John Adams in 1973. This piece has also received critical acclaim for advancing the movement of minimalism in music. It is one of the earliest and simplest minimalist compositions of Adams. The original 1973 composition is based on an unencumbered instrumental arrangement of a Christian hymn and an on-air conversation between a host and a listener. This piece is recognized for its fragmented nature, a steady pulse, repetitive rhythmic phrases, and harmonic stability. Christian Zeal is a very good example of Adams’ exploration into the application of minimalistic technique. Here, he combines a hymn based on rich and harmonized chords with a â€Å"tape of repeated phrases of a sermon on the power of faith healing† . Instead of deconstructing the verbiage like other minimalist composers like Reich, Adams relies on repetition of musical phrases. Finding himself trapped between modernism a nd tradition, he found relief in minimalism of which Christian Zeal is a very interesting example. Impressed by the minimalist avant-garde, he recognizes minimalism in this musical piece by using simple elements to create â€Å"a steady background pulse, repetitive motifs and stable harmonic areas† . In Adams’ own words, the harmonies in Christian Zeal are meant to create a hypnotic effect to make the listeners â€Å"float in a kind of dream polyphony. This piece takes a turn from conventional minimalist approach used by other famous composers like Reich.

Managing Business in Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing Business in Europe - Essay Example Though, there are lot of prominent automobile manufacturers in Europe, majority of the production of automobiles required for the European market is outsourced. The prominent automobile manufacturers in Europe are DaimlerChrysler, Volkswagen (VW), BMW, Ford Europe, General Motors (GM) Europe, Renault, PSA (Peugeot-Citro'n), Fiat and Porsche etc. "The EU is the largest automotive production region in the world and the industry comprises 6.5 % of the manufacturing sector in the Union. Direct employment by the automotive industry stands at about 2.2 million employees, while the total employment effect (direct and indirect) is estimated to be about 12 million" (THE AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR, 2009). This report analyses; Influence of EU's policies on Automotive Industry; Influence of Single European Market or EMU on Automotive Industry; Opportunities and threats for Automotive Industry associated with the enlargement of the European Union; Automotive Industry strategies for Europe etc. The increasingly international setting of business makes it harder and harder to establish the boundaries of a national economy or even to separate the European economy from its global context (Wallace &Young, 1997, p.3) Globalization and liberalization policies have revolutionized the who world and the business strategies were redefined in order to meet the demands of a global world by many of the organizations. Separate co-operative sectors are working in most of the parts of the world in order to exploit the possibilities opened by globalization. EU is one of such co-operation aimed at the integration of the whole European region for the collective growth. The current focus of the EU institutions is on making the EU one of the most competitive markets in the world by 2010 and ensuring stable economic growth. Efforts to this end include investment in human capital, improvements in physical infrastructure and enhancement of available network in the transportation, telecommunications and energy sectors. To counter sluggish economic conditions compounded by uncertainties due to geopolitical tensions and international terrorism, the European Commission has endorsed economic growth initiatives including European Action for Growth (Country Industry Forecast - European Union Automotive Industry, 2004) EU has implemented lot of strategies in order to encourage the automotive industries in the European region and to make the region, the world's highest automobile manufacturing region. At present the Asia-Pacific region holds this position and the EU has taken every possible measure to capture the first position. Environmental legislation and recycling legislation are some of the strategies adopted by EU in order to raise the standards of automobile manufacturing in this area. "The EU emissions standards are compulsory in all EU Member States. The